Emmanuelle Charpentier na Jennifer Doudna nibo batangajwe nkabahwe igihembo kitiriwe Nobel muri Chimie kukazi bakoze mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya genome. Bateje imbere ibikoresho byo guhindura ADN.

Ubuvumbuzi bwabo, buzwi nka Crispr-Cas9, ni uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu byihariye kandi byuzuye kuri ADN bikubiye mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Abatsinze bazagabana amafaranga y’igihembo cya miliyoni 10 kronor (£ 861.200).

Emmanuelle Charpentier yagize icyo avuga ku ntsinzi ye, yavuze ko afite amarangamutima yo kwiga ibijyanye n’iki gihembo. Ati: “Iyo bibaye, uratungurwa cyane, kandi ukeka ko atari ukuri. Ariko biragaragara ko ari ukuri”.

Umuhanga mu bya Chimie Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede yagize icyo avuga ku byavumbuwe, yagize ati: “Ubushobozi bwo guca ADN aho ushaka bwahinduye ubumenyi muby’ubuzima”.

Umuhanga mu by’imiti, Claes Gustafsson yongeyeho ati: “Turashobora guhindura genome iyo ari yo yose, dushobora kubaza ibibazo byose.” Yongeyeho ko ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zishingiye ku ngirabuzima fatizo.

Charpentier na Doudna, bavuze ko “baremye udukasi dushobora gukoreshwa mu gucamo ADN”. Ibihembo bya Nobel byatangijwe n’umuhanga mu bya Chimie Alfred Nobel mu 1895 – umwaka umwe mbere y’urupfu rwe.

Urutonde rw’abatsindiye igihembo cyitiriwe Nobel muri Chimie mu myaka yatambutse;

2019 – John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham na Akira Yoshino basangiye igihembo kubikorwa bakoze kuri bateri ya lithium-ion.

2018 – abavumbuzi ku byerekeye enzymes babonye igihembo ni Frances Arnold, George P Smith na Gregory Winter .
2017 – Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank na Richard Henderson bahawe igihembo cyo kunoza amashusho ya molekile y’ibinyabuzima
2016 – Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart na Bernard Feringa basangiye igihembo cyimashini zikora ibipimo kuri molekile.
2015 – Ubuvumbuzi mu gusana ADN bwatumye Tomas Lindahl na Paul Modrich na Aziz Sancar bahabwa igihembo.
2014 – Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell na William Moerner bahawe igihembo kubera kunoza imikurire ya microscopes optique.
2013 – Michael Levitt, Martin Karplus na Arieh Warshel basangiye igihembo, kubera gukora mudasobwa zigereranya uburyo bwa Chimie.
2012 – Akazi kagaragaje uburyo reseptor za protein zitanga ibimenyetso hagati yingirabuzimafatizo n’ibidukikije byatumye Robert Lefkowitz na Brian Kobilka batsindira iki gihembo.
Source:BBC

Inkuru yanditswe na Venuste Habineza